Fixed lot sizing means always trading 100 shares, or one contract, or 0.1 lots. It is the simplest method and the honest starting point for a new trader, because it removes one variable while you find out whether you have an edge at all.
It is also the right way to read a backtesting result. With constant size, the equity curve is a straight sum of r-multiples and reflects the strategy rather than the compounding schedule, so two systems can be compared fairly.
Live, it has one serious flaw: risk per trade drifts with both equity and volatility. One contract is 2% of a $20,000 account and 0.2% of a $200,000 account, and one contract in a calm market is a fraction of one contract in a panic. Most traders outgrow it within a year.
Related: fixed-fractional-sizing, risk-normalisation, backtesting, r-multiple