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Forward premium and discount

Whether a currency's forward rate is above or below spot; the lower-yielding currency trades at a premium and the higher-yielding one at a discount.

If euro rates are below dollar rates, euros bought forward cost more dollars than euros bought spot. The euro is said to trade at a forward premium. The relationship is mechanical, driven by interest-rate-parity, not by any view about the future.

Corporate hedgers care because the premium is the visible price of certainty. A hedge that locks in a worse rate than spot is not evidence of a bad decision; it is the carry cost of the currency pair.

Example: spot EUR/USD 1.0840, one-year outright 1.0634, a discount of 206 pips or 1.9%. Buying euros forward is 1.9% cheaper than spot, which reflects euro rates being about 2% below dollar rates.

Related: forward-points, interest-rate-parity, fx-forward

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