Moneyness is a position on a spectrum, not three boxes. Traders express it three ways: descriptively (in-the-money, at-the-money, out-of-the-money), as a ratio of spot to strike, or as delta, which is the version that stays comparable across underlyings and expirations.
Delta-based moneyness is what professionals actually use, because a 16-delta put means roughly the same thing on a $50 stock and a 5,000-point index while "$5 out of the money" means nothing without context.
Example: XYZ at $50. The $45 call is 10% in the money with a delta near 0.80. The $55 call is 10% out of the money with a delta near 0.20. In a high-implied-volatility name the same $55 strike might be 0.35 delta — same distance in dollars, very different moneyness in the only sense that matters.
Related: in-the-money, out-of-the-money, delta