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Strike pinning

The tendency of a heavily traded underlying to close near a large-open-interest strike on expiration day, driven by hedging rather than opinion.

Dealers hedging short options near the money must buy as price falls and sell as it rises. That mechanical flow damps moves around the strike with the largest open-interest, and price can grind sideways into the close.

Pinning is a tendency, not a law. Real news overwhelms it instantly, and it is much weaker in names where the options market is small relative to share volume.

Example: XYZ has 45,000 contracts of open interest at the $50 strike and fewer than 3,000 at any other. Friday's range is $49.80 to $50.30 on heavy volume, and the close is $50.02. The following Monday, with hedges gone, XYZ opens at $51.10.

Related: pin-risk, opex

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