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Zero curve

The set of spot rates for every maturity, used to discount individual cash flows rather than whole bonds.

The zero curve is the curve that models actually use. Pricing a swap, a structured note or a bond portfolio means discounting each dated cash flow at its own spot-rate, and those come from the zero curve built by bootstrapping or read off treasury-strips.

It sits above the par-yield-curve when the curve slopes upward, because a zero's entire payment sits at the far end where rates are higher, with no early coupons pulling the average down.

Example: par curve 4.20% at 10 years, zero curve 4.31% at 10 years. Discounting a single $1,000,000 cash flow ten years out at 4.31% gives $656,000, not the $663,000 the par yield would suggest.

Related: spot-rate, bootstrapping, par-yield-curve, treasury-strips, forward-rate

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