The list runs roughly in order of liquidity: cash-and-equivalents, then marketable-securities, then accounts-receivable, then inventory, then prepaid-expenses. The further down the list, the more assumptions stand between the number and actual cash.
Current assets minus current-liabilities is working-capital, and the ratio of the two is the current-ratio. Both are standard first checks on whether a company can survive a bad year.
Example: Northwind Tools reports $570M of current assets: $210M cash, $95M receivables, $265M inventory and nothing meaningful in prepayments after a supplier deposit was refunded.
Related: cash-and-equivalents, accounts-receivable, inventory, working-capital, current-ratio